Aviva's Broadway Collection
So you know where I'm coming from. And so I can show off.
American Cast Albums:
International Cast Albums:
Note: All titles are assumed to be the first version of that show unless otherwise noted.
- A... My Name Will Always Be Alice
- Ace of Clubs
- The Act
- The Adventures of Marco Polo (OTC)
- African Footprint
- After the Ball/Highlights from Vaudeville
- After the Fair
- ***Aint Misbehavin (OBC, OLC, NBC)
- Aladdin [Cole Porter] (OTC)
- Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day (songs from)
- All American
- The All Night Strut!
- All That He Was
- **Allegro (OBC, first complete recording)
- Altar Boyz
- Always... Patsy Cline
- America the Beautiful: A Rock Opera
- American Musical Theater v.1 (Smithsonian collection)
- American Songbook Series: Cy Coleman
- Amour
- The Anastasia Affaire
- Anastasia: The Musical plus Premiere Recordings of Wright & Forrest Songs
- And the World Goes Round
- **Andrew Michael (OCR, studio version)
- **Annie (OBC, OIC)
- *******Annie Get Your Gun (OBC, OLC, NBC, OTC, Criswell/Hampson version, Suzie Quatro version, Merman Lincoln Center version)
- Annie Warbucks (eat your heart out!)
- **Anyone Can Whistle (OBC, concert cast)
- ****Anything Goes (Hal Linden version, Patti LuPone version, Criswell/Groenendaal London version, Paige/McGillin London version)
- Anything Goes/The Bandwagon (Mary Martin versions)
- Applause
- The Apple Tree
- The Arcadians
- archy and mehitabel/Carnival of the Animals
- Are You Lonesome Tonight?
- Arms and the Girl
- Aspects of Love
- **Assassins (OOBC, NBC)
- At Home Abroad
- Athena Under Attack
- Avenue Q
- Avenue X
- ***Babes in Arms (Encores! cast, Birch Foundation cast, Martin-Cassidy studio version)
- Baby
- A Bag of Popcorn and a Dream
- Bajour
- Baker Street
- **The Bakers Wife (OBC, OLC)
- Balancing Act
- Ballroom
- Barbara Cook: The Champion Season
- Bashville
- Bat Boy
- Bea Arthur on Broadway: Just Between Friends
- Beauty and the Beast
- Bed & Sofa
- Bed, Boys, and Beyond
- Believe! The Songs of the Sherman Brothers
- Belle, or the Ballad of Dr. Crippin
- **Bells Are Ringing (OBC, NBC)
- Ben Bagley's Alan Jay Lerner Revisited
- Ben Bagley's Arthur Schwartz Revisited
- Ben Bagley's Cole Porter Revisted
- Ben Bagley's Cole Porter Revisited Vol. V
- Ben Bagley's Contemporary Broadway Revisited
- Ben Bagley's De Sylva, Brown & Henderson Revisited
- Ben Bagley's Harold Arlen and Vernon Duke Revisited Vol. II
- Ben Bagley's Hold Onto Your Hats
- Ben Bagley's Jerome Kern Revisited
- Ben Bagley's Jerome Kern Revisited Vol. II
- Ben Bagley's Kurt Weill Revisited, Vol. II
- Ben Bagley's Leonard Bernstein Revisited
- Ben Bagley's Noel Coward Revisited
- Ben Bagley's Rodgers and Hart Revisited Vol. I
- Ben Bagley's Rodgers and Hart Revisited Vol. III
- Ben Bagley's Shoestring '57
- Ben Bagley's The Littlest Revue
- Ben Bagley's Vernon Duke Revisited Vol. III
- Ben Franklin in Paris (the old one, not the reissue)
- Bergville Stories
- Berlin Is Mine
- Bernadette Peters in Andrew Lloyd Webber's Song and Dance: The Songs
- Bernadette Peters Loves Rodgers & Hammerstein
- Bernadette Peters: Sondheim, Etc.
- Bernarda Alba
- Best Foot Forward (1961 cast)
- **The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas (OBC, NBC)
- The Best of Broadway: The Revues
- Betty Rules
- Big City Rhythm: The Songs of Barry Kleinbort
- Big: The Musical
- Big River
- Billion Dollar Baby
- Billy
- Billy Elliot
- Billy Noname
- The Bing Boys Are Here
- The Biograph Girl
- Birds of Paradise
- Bitter Sweet
- Black and Blue
- Blanco
- Blast
- Bless the Bride
- Blondel
- ****Blood Brothers (OLC, London revival cast, International cast, ONZC)
- Bloomer Girl
- Blue Jeans (OGC)
- Bombay Dreams
- Bonnie's Broadway Moon Song Shoppe
- Born to Rhumba
- Bounce
- ***The Boy Friend (OLC, OBC, Judy Carne version)
- The Boy from Oz
- Boy Meets Boy
- ****The Boys from Syracuse (1953 studio cast, Encores! cast, OLC, 1963 cast)
- Bran Nue Dae
- Bravo Giovanni
- Breakfast at Tiffanys (SC)
- ******Brigadoon (OBC, two different British casts, Jack Cassidy-Shirley Jones version on LP, OMC, OTC)
- Bright Lights, Big City
- Bring In Da Noise, Bring In Da Funk
- Broadway Bound
- A Broadway Christmas
- Broadway Divas
- Broadway Dreams: Songs from Enter Juliet, Billion Dollar Baby, Something to Do, Underworld, and Parade (Jerome Moross version)
- Broadway First Take, v.1
- Broadway First Take, v.2
- Broadway Musical, The (The History of American Musicals)
- Broadway Musicals of 1951, The
- Broadway Musicals of 1964, The
- Broadway on Broadway 2001
- Broadway Showstoppers
- Brownstone: The Musical
- **Bubbling Brown Sugar (OBC, OLC)
- ***Buddy: The Buddy Holly Story (OBC?, OGC, OLC)
- Bugsy Malone
- A Bunch of Ratbags (Australian cast, OGC)
- Busby Berkeley Album, The
- By Jeeves
- By Jupiter (1960s cast)
- By the Beautiful Sea
- ****Bye Bye Birdie (OBC, OLC, OMC, OTC)
- ***Cabaret (OBC, NBC, OMC)
- **Cabin in the Sky (OOBC, OMC)
- Cabin in the Sky/Porgy and Bess/Carib Song (selections from OBCs)
- **La Cage aux Folles (OBC, OGC)
- Calamity Jane (NLC)
- Call Me Madam/Panama Hattie (Merman orchestra version)
- Call Me Madam (Encores cast)
- **Camelot (OBC, 1982 London cast)
- Can-Can
- ****Candide (OBC, 1989 London SC, NBC, 1974 BC)
- Can't Help Singing: A New Look at Jerome Kern Classics
- The Card
- Carmelina
- **Carmen Jones (OBC, OLC)
- Carnival
- Caroline, or Change
- *******Carousel (OBC, Cook-Ramey version, Raitt-Christy version, NLC, OMC, OTC, 1962 studio version w/Alfred Drake & Roberta Peters)
- Casino Paradise
- Casper the Musical
- Catch Me If I Fall
- ***Cats (OBC, OLC, OGC)
- The Catherine Wheel
- Celebrate Broadway v.1
- Celebrate Broadway v.5
- Celebrating Gypsy, Funny Girl, Gentlemen Prefer Blondes: A Tribute to Jule Styne
- Celebrating New York New York! Chicago! Cabaret! A Tribute to Kander and Ebb
- Charlie Girl
- Charlotte Sweet
- **Chess (OLC, Danish touring cast)
- ****Chicago (OBC, NBC, LC, OMC)
- Children of Eden
- Children's Letters to God
- **Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (OMC, OBC)
- ***A Chorus Line (OBC, OGC, NBC)
- Christine
- A Christmas Carol (Menken/Ahrens version)
- A Christmas Survival Guide
- Chu Chin Chow (1959 London recording with other versions from earlier productions)
- ***Cinderella (OTC, Second TV cast, Various Artists version)
- **City of Angels (OBC, OLC)
- A Class Act
- Coco
- Cole Porter Centennial Gala Concert
- Cole Porter's You Never Know
- Cole Sings Porter: Rare and Unreleased Songs from Can-Can and Jubilee
- Collette Collage
- The Color Purple
- Come Back Little Sheba
- ****Company (OBC, NLC, NBC, even newer BC)
- The Confidence Man
- A Connecticut Yankee
- Contact
- Conversation Piece
- Copacabana (OLC)
- Corkscrews
- Cowgirls
- **The Cradle Will Rock (the one with the John Houseman intro, OMC)
- **Crazy for You (OBC, OLC)
- The Crooked Mile
- The Crystal Heart
- Curtains
- Cyrano
- Cyrano de Bergerac
- Dames at Sea
- ***Damn Yankees (OBC, OMC, NBC)
- Dance a Little Closer
- Darling of the Day
- Das Barbecu
- A Day in Hollywood/A Night in the Ukraine
- A Day in the Life: A Children's Musical
- Days of Hope (OLC)
- Dear World
- Debbie Does Dallas
- Destry Rides Again
- Digital Broadway
- Divorce Me, Darling!
- Les Dix Commandements (OFC)
- Do Black Patent Leather Shoes Really Reflect Up?
- Do I Hear a Waltz
- **Do Re Mi (OBC, NBC)
- Doctor Dolittle
- A Dolls Life
- Doonesbury (LP)
- Drat! The Cat! (studio cast)
- Dreamgirls
- Dude
- Eating Raoul
- Edward Scissorhands
- EFX (Michael Crawford)
- Elaine Stritch At Liberty
- Elegies for Angels, Punks, and Raging Queens
- Emily Skinner and Alice Ripley: Duets
- Enchanted Journey
- Ernest in Love
- An Evening with Alan Jay Lerner (London concert)
- An Evening with Dorothy Fields
- Everybody's Gettin' Into The Act
- Evil Dead: The Musical
- ***Evita (OBC, OLC, original concept cast, OSpC)
- Experiencing God: The Musical
- Expresso Bongo
- Fade Out-Fade In
- Falling in Love is Wonderful: Broadway's Greatest Love Duets
- Falsettos
- Fame
- A Family Affair
- Fanny
- ***The Fantasticks (OOBC, Japan Tour, NOOBC)
- Fascinating Aida: A Load of Old Sequins (I guess this counts)
- Fashion
- Festival
- ***Fiddler on the Roof (OBC, OLC, crappy studio cast version)
- Fields of Ambrosia
- Fifty Million Frenchmen
- Fings Ain't Wot They Used T'Be
- ***Finians Rainbow (OBC, 1960 Bway production, OMC)
- Fiorello!
- First Impressions
- First Night Records: The Singles Collection
- Five After Eight
- **Five Guys Named Moe (OBC, OLC)
- Five Pound and Twa Bairns (OSC)
- The Fix
- Flahooley
- Flora the Red Menace
- Florodora
- **Flower Drum Song (OBC, NBC)
- Flowers for Algernon (OLC)
- Floyd Collins
- The Flute Player's Song
- ****Follies (OBC, OLC, concert cast, Paper Mill cast)
- **Footloose (OMC, OBC)
- Forbidden Broadway v.1
- Forbidden Broadway v.3
- Forbidden Broadway v.4: F.B. Strikes Back!
- Forbidden Broadway v.5: F.B. Cleans Up Its Act!
- Forbidden Broadway 2001: A Spoof Odyssey
- Forbidden Broadway: Special Victims Unit
- Forever Plaid
- Forever Tango
- Formidable: La Revue du Centenaire (OFC)
- **42nd Street (OBC, NBC)
- Forty Years at the Crystal Palace (it's a revue in Aspen)
- Fosse
- 4 Guys Named Jose
- Foxy
- Frankenstein the Musical
- Freeway Dreams
- The Frog Prince
- **The Frogs/Evening Primrose (studio cast, concert cast)
- From Generation to Generation
- Front Row Center
- The Full Monty
- **Funny Girl (OBC, OMC)
- ***A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum (OBC, OLC, NBC)
- A Gala Concert for Hal Prince
- The Gay Life
- The Gay 90s
- The Geisha
- Gentlemen Prefer Blondes
- George M.
- George M. Cohan Tonight!
- Gershwin Overtures
- The Gift
- The Gifts of the Magi
- ***Gigi (OLC, British studio cast, OMC)
- **Girl Crazy (Mary Martin version, concert cast)
- The Girl in Pink Tights
- Goblin Market
- **Godspell (OOBC, 2001 Natl Touring Cast)
- The Golden Apple
- Golden Boy
- Goldilocks
- Golf, the Musical
- Gone Missing
- Good News
- Good Rockin' Tonite!
- **The Goodbye Girl (OBC, OLC)
- Goodnight, Moon
- Goodtime Charley
- The Gospel at Colonus
- Goys and Dolls: A Parable for Our Times
- Grail: The Rock Musical of the Future
- Grand Hotel
- The Grand Tour
- The Grass Harp
- Great Songs of the Yiddish Stage, v.2
- The Great American Backstage Musical
- The Great American Trailer Park Musical
- Great Expectations
- The Green Bird
- Green Eggs and Ham By Dr. Seuss
- Greenwillow
- Grey Gardens
- Grind
- Gumboots
- Gunmetal Blues
- ****Guys and Dolls (OBC, NBC, all-Black version, Original National Theatre Cast w/Bob Hoskins)
- Guys on Ice
- *****Gypsy (OBC, Angela Lansbury revival, Tyne Daly revival, Bernadette Peters revival, OTC)
- ****Hair (OBC, OMC, Actor's Fund benefit version, "Hair Today" version)
- **Hairspray (OBC, OMC)
- Half a Sixpence (OBC)
- Hallelujah, Baby!
- Hallelujah Mr. Angel! A Broadway Country Musical
- Hannah... 1939
- The Happiest Girl in the World
- Happy Hunting
- The Happy Time
- A Hard Time to Be Single
- Harlem Song
- Hats! The Musical for the Rest of Your Life
- Hazel Flagg
- Heading East
- Heartbeats
- Heat Lightning
- Hedwig and the Angry Inch
- Hello Again
- ***Hello, Dolly! (OBC, OMC, NBC, all-Black version)
- Her First Roman
- Here's Love
- Hero: The Rock Opera
- Hey, Love: The Songs of Mary Rodgers
- Hey, Mr. Producer!
- **High Spirits (OBC, OLC)
- History Remembers
- Holiday in Plaid
- Honk!
- Honky-Tonk Highway
- Hot Mikado (OLC)
- Hot Shoe Shuffle (OAC)
- House of Flowers (the reissue as well as the one in the original long box, nyah nyah nyah!)
- The Housewives Cantata
- **How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying (OBC, NBC)
- Howard Crabtree's When Pigs Fly
- Huckleberry! A New Musical
- The Human Comedy
- I and Albert
- I Can Get It For You Wholesale
- I Can't Keep Running In Place
- **I Do! I Do! (OBC, NBC)
- I Had a Ball
- I Love a Piano
- **I Love My Wife (OBC, OSAC)
- I Love You Because
- I Love You, Madam President
- I Love You, Youre Perfect, Now Change
- I Married An Angel
- I Remember Mama
- I Sing!
- I Wants to Be a Actor Lady
- If Love Were All
- Ignomoney (songs from the musical)
- The Immigrant
- Imperfect Chemistry
- In Gay Company
- In My Life (promo)
- In the Heights
- In Trousers
- Infinite Joy: The Songs of William Finn
- Inside Out
- Inside USA
- ***Into the Woods (OBC, OLC, NBC)
- Invade My Privacy: A Musical Celebration of the Works of Fran Landesman
- Ipi-Tombi
- Irene
- The Irish and How They Got That Way
- Irma La Douce
- The Iron Man
- It Aint Nothin But the Blues
- The It Girl
- Its a Bird, Its a Plane, Its Superman
- It's Only Life
- Jacques Brel is Alive and Well and Living in Paris
- Jamaica/Porgy and Bess
- Jane Eyre, the Musical
- The Jazz Train (selections from)
- Jeckyll & Hyde
- The Jello is Always Red: The Cabaret Songs of Clark Gesner
- Jelly Roll
- Jellys Last Jam
- Jennie
- Jerome Kern Goes to Hollywood
- Jerome Kern Overtures & Music from the film "Swing Time"
- Jerome Robbins' Broadway
- Jerry Herman's Broadway
- Jersey Boys
- **Jesus Christ Superstar (studio LP, some weird-ass British version with Rik Mayall)
- Joan of Kent
- John & Jen
- John Murray Anderson's Almanac (w/Hermione Gingold and Cyril Ritchard)
- Jolson: The Musical
- *****Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat (982 OBC, 1991 OBC, 1992 OCC w/Donny Osmond, studio version w/Quentin Blake art, and a version on a cassette dated 1980 that I'm certain is the 1974 production)
- Julie and Carol at Carnegie Hall (on CD--look ye and despair, peasants!)
- Jung at Heart
- Juno
- Kalevala: Dream of the Salmon Maiden
- Kapt'n Bay Bay (OGC)
- Karaoke Broadway (includes one karaoke CD & one vocal versions CD)
- Kat and the Kings
- Kean
- Key West!
- King: A Musical Testimony
- *******The King and I (OBC, OMC, NBC, Cook/Bikel version, Julie Andrews/Ben Kingsley version, Christopher Lee/Valerie Masterson London version, Rise Stevens/Darren McGavin version, Lois Hunt/Samuel Jones studio cast)
- King Island Christmas
- King Mackerel & The Blues Are Running
- *****Kismet (OBC, London Masterworks edition, Ramey-Migenes version, OMC, Curtain Call highlights studio cast)
- *****Kiss Me, Kate (OBC, stereo recording, NBC, some London cast on Excelsior, OTC)
- **Kiss of the Spider Woman (OLC, Broadway replacement cast)
- Knickerbocker Holiday
- Kooky Tunes
- Kuni-Leml
- Kurt Weill: From Berlin to Broadway
- Kurt Weill on Broadway
- Kurt Weill: The Centennial
- Kwamina
- Lady, Be Good! (1992 studio cast)
- ***Lady in the Dark (OBC on cassette, Rise Stevens/Adolph Green version, OLC)
- The Last Starfighter
- Late Nite Comic ("songs from")
- Leading Men Dont Dance
- Leave It To Jane
- Legend of the Crystal Waters
- Legs Diamond
- Leonard Bernstein's New York
- Leonard Stillman's New Faces of '68
- Leonardo: The Absolute Man
- **Les Miserables (original Paris cast, complete symphonic recording)
- Let Em Eat Cake (concert cast)
- Let's Go On with the Show!: Hit Songs from the Broadway and the London Stage
- **The Life (OBC, studio version)
- The Light in the Piazza
- The Likes of Us
- **Li'l Abner (OBC, OMC)
- Lilac Time/Rio Rita/A Southern Man (OLCs)
- Lingoland
- Linie 1 (OGC)
- The Lion King
- Listen to the Wind
- Little By Little
- Little Ham
- Little Mary Sunshine (both on CD and LP)
- ***Little Me (OBC, NBC, OLC)
- ***A Little Night Music (OBC, OLC, studio cast?)
- ***Little Shop of Horrors (OOBC, OMC, OLC)
- Little Women
- Lizzie Borden
- Lock Up Your Daughters
- The Log of the Skipper's Wife
- Lola
- Lola Montez (OAC)
- London Pride: Songs from the London Stage (Twiggy)
- Lone Star Love
- Look Ma, I'm Dancin'!
- Lord of the Dance
- Lost in Boston I
- Lost in Boston II
- Lost in Boston IV
- Lost in the Stars
- Lotusland
- Love Online
- Lovesong
- **Lucky Stiff (Fynsworth Alley studio cast, York Theatre Company Production)
- Ludwig II (OGC)
- Lunch
- ***Mack & Mabel (OBC, OLC?, London concert cast)
- Mack the Knife (OMC)
- The Mad Show
- Madhattan
- Magdalena
- Maggie May
- The Magic Show
- Make a Wish
- Mame
- Mamma Mia! (OLC)
- ****Man of La Mancha (OBC, Domingo/Migenes cast, OFC, OLC)
- A Man of No Importance
- Manilow Scores: Songs from Copacabana and Harmony
- Marie Christine
- Mark Twain: The Musical
- Marlene: The New Musical Play
- Marry Me a Little
- Martin Short: Fame Becomes Me
- **Mary Poppins (OMC, OLC)
- Mask and Gown
- Mata Hari (revival?)
- The Match Girls
- Mayor: The Musical
- **Me and My Girl (OBC, Kernan/Scott version)
- Meet Me In St. Louis
- Menopause the Musical
- ***Merrily We Roll Along (OBC, NBC, NLC)
- Metro
- Metropolis
- Milk and Honey
- Les mille et une vies d'Ali Baba (OFC?)
- Miong (OPC)
- Miss Liberty
- **Miss Saigon (OLC, Christopher/Emery Company highlights [this is apparently a Canadian company])
- Miss Spectacular
- Moby Dick
- Moll Flanders
- Momsense
- Monty Python's Spamalot
- ***The Most Happy Fella (OBC, NBC, SC)
- Most Men Are (highlights)
- Mother of All the Peoples (OSC)
- Mountain Days: The John Muir Musical
- Movie Star
- Movin' Out
- Mr. Cinders (NLC)
- Mr. President
- Music Box Broadway No. 2
- Music from the New York Stage 1890-1920. Volume One: 1890-1908
- Music from the New York Stage 1890-1920. Volume Two: 1908-1913
- Music from the New York Stage 1890-1920. Volume Three: 1913-1917
- Music from the New York Stage 1890-1920. Volume Four: 1917-1920
- Music in the Air
- *****The Music Man (OBC, OMC, OLC, NBC, Cincinnati concert cast)
- The Musical of Musicals
- The Musicality of Lerner & Loewe
- The Musicality of Sondheim
- Musicals!
- Musicals from the Land of Oz
- ******My Fair Lady (OBC, OLC, NSO version, Kiri Te Kanawa/Jeremy Irons version, Lola Fisher/Richard Torigi studio version, 1976 Bway cast)
- My Favorite Year
- My Life with Albertine
- My One and Only
- The Mystery of Edwin Drood
- Myths and Hymns
- Naked Boys Singing
- The Nervous Set
- Never Gonna Dance (promo)
- A New Brain
- New Faces of 1968
- New Girl in Town
- The New Moon
- New York New York: A Broadway Extravaganza with the New York City Gay Men's Chorus
- New York Rock
- Newsical
- Nick & Nora
- The Night of the Hunter
- Nightingale
- ***Nine (OBC, London concert cast, NBC)
- No, No, Nanette
- No Sex (OGC)
- No Strings
- No Way to Treat a Lady
- Noel and Gertie
- Noel Coward sing Sail Away and Other Coward Rarities
- Nord-Ost (ORC--highlights)
- Notre Dame de Paris (OFC)
- Now Is the Time for All Good Men
- Nuncrackers
- **Nunsense (OOBC, OLC)
- Nunsense II: The Second Coming
- Nunsense: The Jamboree
- The Odd Potato
- **Of Thee I Sing (OBC on cassette, concert cast)
- Off The Wall: A Revuesical
- Oh, Brother!
- Oh! Calcutta!
- Oh Captain!
- **Oh, Kay! (studio cast, other studio cast)
- Oh My Godmother!
- Oil City Symphony
- ******Oklahoma! (OBC, OLC, Laurence Guittard/Christine Andreas version, John Raitt/Florence Henderson version, Nelson Eddy/Virginia Haskins version, OMC)
- Old Timer
- ****Oliver! (OBC, OLC, SC with Stanley Holloway, SC with Victor Spinetti)
- Olympus on My Mind
- **On a Clear Day You Can See Forever (OBC, OMC)
- On the Boards: Songs from the Victorian Music Halls
- On the Boulevard: Liliane Montevecchi (well, it calls itself a cast album)
- On the Town
- On the Twentieth Century
- On the Waterfront on Broadway
- On Your Toes (first revival)
- Once Around the Sun (promo)
- Once On This Island
- ***Once Upon a Mattress (OBC, NBC, OLC)
- One Foot Out the Door
- ***110 in the Shade (OBC, SC, NBC)
- One Man Band
- One Night Stand
- One Touch of Venus/Lute Song
- Only a Kingdom
- Onward Victoria
- Opal/Honky Tonk Highway, and Other Theater Songs by Robert Nassif Lindsey
- Original Cast! 100 Years of the American Musical Theater: Completing the Century: 1980-94
- Original Cast! 100 Years of the American Musical Theater: Visitors Abroad
- **Out of This World (OBC, Encores cast)
- Over Here!
- Over My Shoulder
- Overture American Musical Theatre: Volume One, 1924-1935
- Pacific 1860
- **Pacific Overtures (OBC, English National Opera highlights)
- Paint Your Wagon
- *****The Pajama Game (OBC, OLC, NBC, London studio cast, Harry Connick Jr. version)
- **Pal Joey (two studio casts)
- Pan: A Fantastical Journey
- Paquito's Christmas
- Parade (Jason Roberts Brown)
- Parade (Jerry Herman)
- **Les Parapluies de Cherbourg (OMC, French stage version)
- Pardon My English
- Paris '90
- A Party with Betty Comden and Adolph Green
- Passion
- Peg
- Peter & Wendy
- **Peter Pan (OBC, Various Artists version)
- Peter Pan (Bernstein Version)
- Peter Pan (Some nonstandard Israeli version)
- The Phantom
- The Phantom of the Opera
- Phantom of the Opera (Stage Door players)
- The Phantom of the Opera, Highlights from (OCC)
- Phantom of the Opera, Songs From (Munich Symphony Orchestra + singers)
- Philadelphia Chickens: Book and CD of the Imaginary Musical Revue
- Picasso's Women
- Pieces of Eight
- Pilgrim Souls
- Pinkalicious
- Pinocchio's Marionette Theatre Presents Greatest Hits v.1
- Pins and Needles
- Pipe Dream
- Pippin
- The Pirates of Penzance (Kline/Ronstadt version)
- Plain and Fancy
- Play On!
- Poppie Nongena (OSAC)
- Popular Musicals
- ********Porgy and Bess (OBC, OMC, Houston cast, London cast, jazz greats version, Miles Davis version, Leontyne Price/William Warfield highlights version, Simon Estes/Roberta Alexander highlights version)
- Postcards on Parade
- Prime Time Musicals
- The Prince and the Pauper
- Prodigal (OAC)
- ***The Producers (OBC, old movie score, OMC)
- Promenade
- Promises, Promises
- Pump Boys and Dinettes
- Punk Side Story
- Purlie
- Putting It Together
- Queen Lucia: A Musical Romp!
- Quien Mato a Hector Lavoe?
- R. Crumb--The Musical!
- Radical Radio
- Rage of the Heart
- Rags
- Ragtime
- Rainbow Bridge: The Intergenerational Musical
- Raisin
- Ratcatcher: A Musical
- Redhead
- Rent
- Reunion: A Musical Epic in Miniature
- Rex
- The Ridiculous Theatrical Company, Musical Selections From
- Right Mind [by George Coates]
- **The Rink (OBC, OLC)
- The Rise and Follies of Cape Breton Island
- Riverdance
- Road Show
- The Roar of the Greasepaint, The Smell of the Crowd
- The Robber Bridegroom
- Robert & Elizabeth
- **Roberta (SC, Alfred Drake version)
- The Rock and the Rabbi
- ****The Rocky Horror Show (OLC, OBC, NBC, NSO studio album)
- Le Roi Soleil
- Romance Romance
- Romeo & Juliet: The Musical from William Shakespeare
- Romeo et Juliette de la Haine a l'Amour (by Gerard Presgurvic)
- The Rothschilds
- Runaways
- Ruthless! The Musical
- **Sail Away (OBC, OLC)
- **St. Louis Woman (OBC, Encores cast)
- Sarafina! The Music of Liberation
- Sarah Plain and Tall
- Saratoga
- Satins and Spurs (OTC)
- **Saturday Night (US cast, London cast)
- **Saturday Night Fever (OMC, OLC)
- Saturday's Warrior
- The Scarlet Pimpernel
- Scarlett (OJC)
- Scrooge
- **The Secret Garden (OBC, highlights from the OAC)
- The Secret Garden (British version)
- Secrets Every Smart Traveler Should Know
- See What I Wanna See
- Seesaw
- September Songs: The Music of Kurt Weill
- Seussical
- **Seven Brides for Seven Brothers (OMC, OLC)
- **1776 (OBC, NBC)
- Seventh Heaven
- **70, Girls, 70 (OBC, OLC)
- Shakespeare on Broadway
- ****She Loves Me (OBC, OLC, NBC, NLC)
- Shelter (studio cast)
- Shenandoah
- Shepherd: A New Musical of King David
- Sherlock Holmes: The Musical
- Sherry!
- Shinbone Alley
- A Shoggoth on the Roof
- Shout! The Mod Musical
- ******Show Boat (most recent revival, OLC, Cook-Douglass version, Von Stade-Hadley version, OMC, Chicago Musical Revue highlights)
- Show Boat/Sunny/Lido Lady (songs from original 1920s London productions)
- The Show Goes On
- Showtunes (Stephen Merritt)
- Side by Side by Sondheim
- Side Show
- Silk Stockings
- Simply Heavenly (OLC)
- **Singin' in the Rain (OLC, OMC)
- Singin' My Song
- Sisterella
- Sitting Pretty
- Slice of Saturday Night, A
- Smokey Joe's Cafe: The Songs of Lieber and Stoller
- **Snoopy! The Musical (San Francisco cast, OLC)
- Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (Radio City Music Hall musical)
- So Long 174th Street
- Some Like It Hot (OLC)
- Something for the Boys (San Francisco cast)
- Sondheim: A Celebration
- Sondheim: A Celebration at Carnegie Hall
- Sondheim: A Musical Tribute
- Sondheim at the Movies
- Sondheim Sings v.2
- Sondheim: The Stephen Sondheim Album
- Sondheim Tonight
- A Song Floating
- Song of Norway (1990 London recording)
- Song of Singapore
- Songbook
- Songs for a New World
- Songs from an Unmade Bed
- Songs from "WC" and Other Theatre Songs of Al Carmines
- The Songs of Lionel Bart
- The Songs of Noel Coward
- The Songs of West Side Story
- Sophie
- Sophisticated Ladies (in the longbox, nyah!)
- *****The Sound of Music (OBC, NBC, live Australian version, Cincinnati Pops Orchestra version, London Palladium Cast version)
- *******South Pacific (OBC, NBC, Te Kanawa/Carreras version, Craven/Belcourt version, McEntire/Stokes Mitchell version, OMC, Henderson/Tozzi version)
- Spamalot
- Spirits of St. Paul
- The Spitfire Grill
- Spoon River Anthology
- Spring Awakening
- Stage Struck!
- Stan Rogers: A Matter of Heart: The Musical Revue
- Stairway to the Stars: A Tribute to the Golden Years of the Hollywood Musical (OLC)
- **Starlight Express (OLC, "Music & Songs From")
- Starmania
- Starmites
- Starting Here, Starting Now (OLC)
- State Fair (OBC)
- Steel Pier
- A Stephen Sondheim Evening
- Stepping Out (OLC)
- Stop the World, I Want to Get Off (OBC)
- La Strada
- Strangers
- Street Scene
- The Streets of New York
- Strike Up the Band
- Striking 12: The New GrooveLily Musical
- Studio
- Subways Are for Sleeping
- Such a Pretty Face
- Sugar
- Sugar Babies
- The Sullivan Years: An Evening with Rodgers & Hammerstein
- The Sullivan Years: The Best of Broadway v.1
- The Sullivan Years: The Best of Broadway v.2
- Summer of My German Soldier
- **Sunday in the Park with George (OBC, NLC)
- **Sunset Boulevard (OLC, short tour CD)
- ***Sweeney Todd (OBC, concert cast, NBC)
- ****Sweet Charity (OBC, Debbie Allen cast, Christina Applegate cast, NLC?)
- Swingtime Canteen
- Taboo (OLC)
- Take Me Along
- Taking a Chance on Love
- Taking My Turn (cassette)
- A Tale of Cinderella
- A Tale of Two Cities (selections from)
- Tango Argentino
- The Tap Dance Kid
- Teen Witch: The Musical
- **Tenderloin (OBC, Encores! cast)
- Tess of the D'Urbervilles (selections from the London production)
- Their Scarves Were Red
- There's No Place Like Hollywood
- **Theyre Playing Our Song (OBC, OLC)
- The Thing About Men
- Thoroughly Modern Millie
- Thou Shalt Not
- 3hree
- 3 Guys Naked from the Waist Down
- 3 Musketiers: De Musical (ODC)
- Three Wishes for Jamie
- **The Threepenny Opera (OOBC, German version w/Ute Lemper)
- Through the Years (aka Vincent Youmans' Through the Years)
- Tim: A Carol for a Later Christmas
- A Time for Singing (LP)
- Tintypes
- Titanic
- [title of show]
- **Tommy (original rock album, OBC)
- Top Banana
- Tovah: Out of Her Mind!
- Tovarich
- The Town That Outlawed Christmas
- A Tree Grows in Brooklyn
- Treemonisha
- Triumph of Love
- The True Story of the Bridgewater Astral League (songs from)
- Twenty Minutes South
- The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee
- Two by Two
- Two Gentlemen of Verona
- Two on the Aisle
- Two's Company
- The Ultimate Rodgers & Hart v.1
- Umoja, the Spirit of Togetherness
- The Unsinkable Molly Brown
- Unsung Musicals v.1
- Unsung Musicals v.2
- Unsung Musicals v.3
- Unsung Sondheim
- Up in Central Park
- Urinetown the Musical
- Ute Lemper Sings Kurt Weill v.2
- The Vagabond King (Alfred Drake version)
- Valentino the Musical
- Valmouth (Chichester Festival Theatre version)
- Vanities
- The Very Best of the Musicals
- Very Good Eddie
- **Victor/Victoria (OMC, OBC)
- Violet
- Virtue in Danger
- Walking Happy (reel-to-reel)
- The Water Gipsies
- We Believe
- We Will Rock You
- The Wedding Singer
- Weird Romance
- We'll Gather Roses: The Songs of Ivor Novello
- ****West Side Story (OBC, 1993 godawful British version, 2006 Musical Stage Company version, 2007 London studio cast)
- What a Day for a Daydream
- What About Love (aka What About Luv/Luv/Love)
- Where, Oh Where: Rare Songs of the American Theater
- White House Cantata
- Wicked
- Widow's Waltz
- The Wild Party (LaChiusa version)
- The Wild Party (Lippa version)
- Wildcat
- The Will Rogers Follies
- Wings
- The Witches of Eastwick
- The Wiz
- ***The Wizard of Oz (OMC, highlights from a London recording, 1998 cast recording)
- Woman of the Year
- ****Wonderful Town (OBC?, OTC, OLC, London studio cast)
- The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (OCC)
- Woody Guthrie's American Song
- Working
- Wuthering Heights: The Musical
- A Year with Frog and Toad
- You Oughta Be on Broadway: They Sing/You Sing: A Richard Rodgers Collection for Ladies of All Ages
- Young Man, Older Woman
- Your Own Thing
- **Youre a Good Man, Charlie Brown (OOBC, NBC)
- Youre Never Fully Dressed Without a Smile
- Yours, Anne
- Z! The Masked Musical
- Zanna, Don't!
- Ziegfeld Follies of 1934
- Ziegfeld Follies of 1936 (recent studio cast)
- Zip Goes a Million
- Zombie Prom
- **Zorba (OBC, NBC)
- Zumbi
= 935 + 264 = 1198
Movie/TV/Animation/Performance/Cirque du Soleil Soundtracks:
- Alex North's 2001
- The Beatles: Love
- The Big Country
- Billy Smart's Circus
- Black Orpheus
- Buffy the Vampire Slayer: Once More, with Feeling
- The Carl Stalling Project
- Charlie Brown's Holiday Hits
- Concert for George
- DuBarry Was a Lady
- The Essential Hollywood
- Everest
- George and Ira Gershwin in Hollywood
- Gershwin Centennial Edition: The Complete Orchestral Collection (Cincinnati Pops Orchestra)
- Ghostbusters
- The Happiest Millionaire
- Here We Go Round the Mulberry Bush
- The Hunted
- The Jungle Book
- KA
- Lost Horizon
- Mack the Knife
- The Marijuana-Logues
- Memoirs of a Geisha
- A Mighty Wind
- The Music of Disney: A Legacy in Song
- Mystere Live in Las Vegas
- Mysteries of Egypt
- New York, New York
- O
- The Pink Panther
- Pulse: A Stomp Odyssey
- Return of the Pink Panther
- The Roaring Twenties (Dorothy Provine)
- The Rose
- Saltimbanco
- Star!
- Stay Awake
- Stepping Out
- Stormy Weather
- Three Mo' Tenors
- UHF
- Victory at Sea
Other:
- Adoration: Songs Inspired by the Hit Musical Which Way Do I Turn?
- Alix Korey: Songs You Might Have Missed
- Ambrose and His Orchestra
- Andre Previn and His Pals: My Fair Lady
- Andre Previn and His Pals: West Side Story
- Andrew Lloyd Webber Pan Pipes Album (oh, the weird stuff I pick up....)
- Ann Hampton Callaway/Liz Callaway: Sibling Rivalry
- Selections from the original London cast of Annie Get Your Gun
- Audra McDonald: Happy Songs
- Barbara Cook at Carnegie Hall
- Barbara Cook: Close as Pages in a Book
- Barbara Cook: The Disney Album
- Barrage
- Berlin Cabaret Songs (Ute Lemper, both German and English versions)
- Bernstein's America
- Blue Monday (Gershwin's jazz opera)
- Blue Suede Shoes (the ballet)
- Brian Stokes Mitchell
- Cabaret Noel: A Broadway Cares Christmas
- Cabaret's Golden Age V.1
- Carols for a Cure 1999
- Carols for a Cure 2001
- Carols for a Cure 5
- Carols for a Cure 6 (Broadway's Greatest Gifts)
- Carols for a Cure 7 (Broadway's Greatest Gifts)
- Carols for a Cure 8 (Broadway's Greatest Gifts)
- Carols for a Cure 9
- Selections from the original London cast of Carousel
- A Charlie Brown Christmas
- Classical Broadway
- Cleo Sings Sondheim
- Cole Porter and Dick Hyman: All Through the Night
- The Critic (Noel Coward play)
- Destination New York: It's Showtime!
- Don Juan in Hell (First Drama Quartette)
- Eartha Kitt: Purr-Fect (Greatest Hits)
- The Essential Dylan Thomas
- Ethel Merman: 24 Classic Songs
- Fascinating Rhythm, v.II: Happy Birthday, Mr. Gershwin
- Ferrante & Teicher: The Sound of Music
- Frank Sings Loesser
- George Wright Goes South Pacific on the Mighty Wurlitzer Pipe Organ (I swear to god, this is real, and yes, it is every bit as cheesy as it sounds)
- Gershwin Performs Gershwin
- Gershwin Plays Gershwin: The Piano Rolls
- Gershwin: Porgy and Bess, etc. (I'm not including this as a musical because it's a "symphonic picture")
- Gertrude Lawrence (includes material from The King & I, Lady in the Dark, and Nymph Errant)
- The Girl on the Magazine Cover: Songs of Irving Berlin
- The Grand Tour: The Ballet Music of Noel Coward
- Grandma Moses Suite/Blues Opera
- Grateful: The Songs of John Buccino
- Gypsy in Jazz
- Selections from the original London cast of Kiss Me, Kate
- Harold Sings Arlen (with Friend [Streisand])
- Highlights from My Fair Lady (London Theatre Orchestra and Singers)
- Holiday in Plaid
- Home and Away (Kevin Kling)
- I Got Rhythm (4-disc Gershwin set)
- I Love a Parade
- I Won't Dance (Piccadilly Dance Orchestra)
- Jason Graae Live at the Cinegrill
- Jerome Kern: Classic Movie & Broadway Show Tunes from Rare Piano Rolls (Biograph Records Presents the Great American Composer Series)
- Jerry Orbach: Off Broadway
- Joe McCarthy is Alive and Well and Living in Dade County
- Judy Garland in Concert
- Judy Garland: The Complete Decca Original Cast Recordings
- Judy Kaye: Diva by Diva
- Judy Kaye: Songs from the Silver Screen
- Kristin Chenoweth: Let Yourself Go
- Ma Rainey's Black Bottom
- Mandy Patinkin: Oscar & Steve
- A Marvelous Party with Beatrice Lillie
- Michael Crawford: Songs from the Stage and Screen
- Michael Feinstein Sings the Jule Styne Songbook
- Misbehavin'! with Nell Carter
- The Mormon Tabernacle Choir: Curtain Up! (Not quite as cheesy as the Mighty Wurlitzer Organ....)
- Noel Coward On the Air: Rare and Unknown Broadcasts 1944-1948
- Selections from the original London cast of Oklahoma!
- Paige O'Hara: Dream With Me
- Panama Hattie (a few songs included with Call Me Madam)
- The Paul Simon Album: Broadway Sings the Best of Paul Simon
- Paul Simon: Songs from The Capeman
- Peter Allen: At His Best
- Pops by George
- Pops on Parade
- Portia Nelson: Sunday in New York
- Puttin' on the Ritz: The Great Hollywood Musicals
- Rampal Plays Gershwin
- Ruddygore (Gilbert & Sullivan
- Sally Mayes: The Dorothy Fields Songbook
- Santa Fe Singers (this may be an actual revue, but I can't really tell)
- The Seven Deadly Sins (Kurt Weill, starring Marianne Faithfull)
- Shirley MacLaine Live at the Palace
- A Simple Man (ballet)
- Sousa for Orchestra (includes songs from the musical Teddy and Alice)
- Stritch
- Timbuktu (a few songs included with Kismet)
- Trouble in Tahiti
- The Vagina Monologues
- The Vamp of the Roaring 20's (Dorothy Provine)
- Via Dolorosa (it's a one-man show)
- Whoopi Goldberg: Original Broadway Show Recording
- Wild Women Blues
- The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (Children's Museum of Los Angeles Play)
Not Sure Yet (haven't listened and the booklets are no help):
- Millie Jackson and Cast: The Sequel: It Ain't Over!
- Music in Search of a Musical
- The New York Rock and Soul Revue (I think this is just a concert)
- A Night in Venice (I think this is an opera)
- Oh Perilous World (I think this is a concept album that calls itself an "original cast recording")
- Revelation in the Courthouse Park
- You Don't Have to Be Jewish/When You're in Love the Whole World is Jewish (not a musical, but a live comedy performance)
I also have a shitload of rock, world music, jazz, classical, and other CDs. I'd quantify "shitload," but who the hell feels like it?
Collection FAQ
How long have you been collecting?
Ive been seriously collecting for 20+ years. I had a few shows before that (all standards--Fiddler, Music Man, etc.), but its safe to say my collection has exploded within the last two decades. Damn this obsession but if youre reading this FAQ, you can sympathize, Im sure.
The irony of it all is that I collect to listen, not to make money, but my source (see below) has had so much rare stuff that Im afraid to open several of the discs because theyve become collectible for their own sakes. At least House of Flowers got reissued so I could have my CD and listen to it too.
Have you actually listened to everything you own?
Im working on it. Lately I've picked up a ton and haven't had a chance to listen to most of them.
Where did you get all these rare discs?
Well, there was this little independent record store in Denver that Id been going to literally since we moved here in 1973. (She opened in 1972.) Karen, the owner, recently closed her storefront and had a huge sale to get rid of existing inventory25% off everythingso I spent over $500 in three separate trips, in the process discovering that she had some REALLY RARE DISCS. (She specializes in showtunes and soundtracks.) Some of this stuff has apparently been sitting around in their original longboxes for decades.
She used to have a little warehouse location where I would go to paw through her stuff, but I stopped going in 2002 after I was laid off and my mother's Alzheimer's was becoming a huge problem. I don't know if she still has her warehouse or even if she's still alive.
I also have gotten a bunch from Colony Records in Times Square. I've been there three times in four years and spent more than $1000. Watch me find some of the discs I bought in a used store, though....
I also get lucky at used CD stores occasionally. I was in the Wherehouse in Boulder in 2001-2002. My aim was to get a 220 CD spinner. I ended up with no CD spinner but about $200 in used discsmany of which were actually not used at all but were being sold as used, and many of which were things Id never heard of or thought werent even on CD, like the OLC of Calamity Jane, a tribute to Harold Prince recorded in Germany, and the Japanese production of Scarlett. (Not to mention the OBCs of Peter Pan, Aint Misbehavin, and Oklahoma [the latter for my parents].) I picked up a bunch of the Ben Bagley titles, still in shrinkwrap, for $5, which should make you collectors just die, hee hee! Id also gotten Superman and a few other oddities from them in the past. In general they are a good source of musicals both used and new. [ARGH! They CLOSED! CRAP!] I scammed Julie and Carol at Carnegie Hall for $8 at Cheapo Discs in Denver; I think they'd die if they found out it runs for at least $180. Heh! [ARGH! They CLOSED! CRAP CRAP!]
I occasionally find stuff at thrift stores. That's where I got Ipi-Tombi and the Ute Lemper discs. I once discovered a large set of those old Time-Life cassettes, but since I had everything on disc I didn't buy them. I've done OK with LPs, having picked up Saturday's Warrior, a UN musical, a 1971 musical done in a Colorado high school (I actually know the location of another copy of this thing, which must have had maybe 100 discs pressed), and a copy of Funny Girl with what I thought was a Playbill inside but what turned out to be a couple of programs for the 1960-something touring cast when it came to Denver. I hate pawing through thrift shop albums, since they tend to be ragged, dirty, and lacking sleeves, but sometimes providence puts them right up front. The trouble with thrift shop albums is that you always have to check them for health. Unless something is extremely rare, I never buy anything that lacks a sleeve. (How anyone could store an LP in its jacket without the sleeve is beyond me, but a ton of people did.) I once carelessly got an obscure live recording of Hair at an ARC without checking it, only to discover when I got home that someone had hated the "Sodomy" song so much that not only did they black out the name on the jacket (wish I'd noticed that), they actually blacked out and X'ed out the song on the LP. At least it was only a buck.
I've had a little luck at garage sales, but generally if I find anything it's recent stuff. Lately I've taken to buying albums with jackets in good shape; I have an idea for a wall mural.
A tip for you CD hunters: It can be useful to go to independent or used CD stores in odd neighborhoods where show music is not likely to be popular. In general, support independent retailers; chains are mostly loathsome! Not to mention all but useless when it comes to show tunes though I did find Carnival in the bargain bin at Sam Goody's for $2. (Of course, they're gone too, though that's no great loss.) Barnes & Noble has probably the best selection of show music among all the chains, if that's all you can travel to.
Then, of course, there's eBay. I've picked up probably 200 discs that way--geez!
Can I buy Disc X from you?
Nope. I keep everything, even the junk. Im just posting this list to make you jealous. Nyah!
Do you trade?
Only if I know you. I find myself reluctant to make copies of CDs for anyone but friends.
Do you have any bootlegs?
I wish, but no.
Do you have any videos?
I have a bunch on both video and DVD, but I haven't had a chance to list them yet. I don't have anything that isn't commercially available, either--no recordings of TV shows or anything fun like that.
Are there any show CDs you dont want?
Well, I don't have many of the CRs for the composers or shows I dislikeALW, B&S, etc.though now that I've broken 1,000, I'm starting to get everything I can. I have only a small number of cabaret discs; ditto for plain old singer discs and "special" versions of shows (e.g., My Fair Lady in jazz). I try to avoid discs made up of original songs from different musicals, since I often have most or all of the musicals from which those songs were taken, but if theyre cheap and interesting I might get them. Operetta bores me to death, but I'll probably get the Romberg etc. disks for completeness. I am NOT fond of "1001 Strings" versions of songs; I avoid those like the plague unless they have something unusually interesting about them, or I make a mistake! And, I'm avoiding generic "composer" discs (Gershwin, Berlin, Porter, etc.), as they tend to contain only the hits, and sung by non-musical-theatre people at that.
Are you looking for anything in particular?
If its not up there, I want it. My personal Holy Grails of desperately wanted musicals are the London cast recordings of Sweeney Todd and On the Twentieth Century, which were <sigh> never recorded. Id also like Elliot Ness in Cleveland and Busker Alley/Stage Door Charley, if such things ever show up. (The compilation Believe! has one or two songs from the latter. I have been assured, though, that Elliot Ness in Cleveland is 100% thoroughly gone. However! Because I volunteer at the National Theatre Conservatory library/Denver Center, I have access to their archives, which includes the script and some recorded material from the show. So I can't own or copy it but I can look at it.) I REALLY wish they'd rerelease, or create new studio recordings of, stuff like Where's Charley, DuBarry Was a Lady, and other older shows, especially those of Kern, Rodgers and Hart, and Porter. And I glom onto foreign recordings whenever possible. I know, for example, that there are a bunch of Israeli and Australian musicals out there. I have a couple but nowhere near as many as there are.
Trouble is, lately I've been pretty broke--I haven't had a real job in a couple of years--and it's very hard for me to justify buying a lot of stuff. My father supports the notion of my collection, but he draws the line at frequent large purchases of CDs. Still, slowly I manage to add things here and there.
Let me know your opinion of this page. Also any corrections or additions. Return to Bursting with Song Return to Rational Magic current issue Go back to the Rational Magic home page Copyright 2002-2011 D. Aviva Rothschild. All rights reserved